沼氣生物脫硫企業(yè)商機(jī)

　　Business opportunities for biogas biological desulfurization enterprises

　　含有硫化氫(H2S)的沼氣進(jìn)入脫硫塔底部，在穿過脫硫填料層到達(dá)頂端的過程中，含有硫化氫的沼氣首先與底部入口處荷載相對(duì)高的脫硫劑反應(yīng)，反應(yīng)器上部是負(fù)載低的脫硫劑層，通過設(shè)計(jì)良好的沼氣空速和線速，干式脫硫能到達(dá)良好的精脫硫效果。在沼氣進(jìn)入干式脫硫塔之前，應(yīng)設(shè)置有冷凝水罐或沼氣顆粒過濾器。該裝置可以消除沼氣中夾雜的顆粒雜質(zhì)，并使得沼氣在進(jìn)入脫硫前含有一定濕度。當(dāng)觀察到脫硫劑變色，或系統(tǒng)壓力損失過大時(shí)，應(yīng)交替使用另一個(gè)脫硫塔。當(dāng)前的脫硫塔在沼氣放空后，進(jìn)行自然通風(fēng)，對(duì)脫硫劑進(jìn)行再生。當(dāng)再生效果不佳時(shí)，應(yīng)從塔體底部將廢棄的脫硫劑排除，在底部排放廢棄填料的同時(shí)，相同體積的新鮮脫硫填料加入反應(yīng)器中。在大型的脫硫工程中，一般采用先用濕法進(jìn)行粗脫硫，之后再通過干法進(jìn)行精脫硫。乙醇行業(yè)沼氣生物脫硫設(shè)備

　　Biogas containing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) enters the bottom of the desulfurization tower, and during the process of passing through the desulfurization packing layer to reach the top, the biogas containing hydrogen sulfide first reacts with the desulfurizer with a relatively high load at the bottom inlet. The upper part of the reactor is the desulfurizer layer with a low load. By designing a good biogas space velocity and line velocity, dry desulfurization can achieve good precision desulfurization effect. Before biogas enters the dry desulfurization tower, a condensate tank or biogas particle filter should be installed. This device can eliminate particle impurities in biogas and make biogas contain a certain humidity before entering desulfurization. When discoloration of the desulfurizer or excessive pressure loss in the system is observed, another desulfurization tower should be used alternately. The current desulfurization tower undergoes natural ventilation after biogas is released to regenerate the desulfurizer. When the regeneration effect is poor, the waste desulfurizer should be removed from the bottom of the tower, and fresh desulfurizer of the same volume should be added to the reactor while discharging the waste packing at the bottom. In large-scale desulfurization projects, the wet method is generally used for coarse desulfurization first, and then the dry method is used for fine desulfurization. Ethanol industry biogas biological desulfurization equipment

　　沼氣生物脫硫（簡稱沼氣脫硫）是利用生物菌種去除沼氣中腐蝕性強(qiáng)、毒性強(qiáng)的硫化氫氣體的一種工藝方法，這個(gè)工藝具有自動(dòng)化程度高，流程簡潔，運(yùn)行成本低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。3.工藝原理如下圖，厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)生的沼氣進(jìn)入洗滌塔，通過與堿性循環(huán)噴淋液發(fā)生吸收反應(yīng)，從而去除沼氣中的硫化氫。吸收硫化氫的富液回流至生物反應(yīng)器內(nèi)，通過生物轉(zhuǎn)化，將硫化氫轉(zhuǎn)化成固態(tài)單質(zhì)硫磺，并將溶液再生為可用于洗滌沼氣的堿性吸收液（亦成為貧液），從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了吸收劑的回收和再生循環(huán)利用。通過硫沉淀器實(shí)現(xiàn)硫磺固體的分離。廣東食品行業(yè)生物脫硫沼氣生物脫硫工藝都被較廣應(yīng)用到沼氣、填埋氣、天然氣、水煤氣等工業(yè)氣體脫硫工藝中。

　　Biogas desulfurization (abbreviated as biogas desulfurization) is a process method that uses biological bacteria to remove highly corrosive and toxic hydrogen sulfide gas from biogas. This process has the advantages of high automation, simple process, and low operating costs. 3. The process principle is shown in the following figure. The biogas produced by anaerobic fermentation enters the washing tower and undergoes absorption reaction with the alkaline circulating spray liquid, thereby removing hydrogen sulfide from the biogas. The rich solution that absorbs hydrogen sulfide flows back into the bioreactor, and through biotransformation, hydrogen sulfide is converted into solid elemental sulfur, and the solution is regenerated into alkaline absorption solution (also known as lean solution) that can be used to wash biogas, thereby achieving the recovery and recycling of the absorbent. Separation of sulfur solids is achieved through a sulfur precipitant. The biological desulfurization process of biogas in Guangdong's food industry is widely used in industrial gas desulfurization processes such as biogas, landfill gas, natural gas, and water gas.

　　生物脫硫技能技能原理：脫硫技能技能原理其反響的基本原理是將含H2S的沼氣和含有化能自養(yǎng)型微生物的蘇打水溶液進(jìn)行觸摸，H2S被堿性溶劑吸收后，經(jīng)微生物催化生成元素硫或硫酸鹽?，F(xiàn)在，技能是全球?qū)Ρ壤暇毜拿摿蚣寄苤?，它具有以下長處：安全：全部生物脫硫系統(tǒng)是關(guān)閉運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的，而且沼氣中的H2S被徹底吸收，在吸收器的沒有游離的H2S，不會(huì)有中毒和傷亡事情，無環(huán)境污染。節(jié)省：該技能所要的出資少，其首要設(shè)備和儀器數(shù)量少。運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)本錢低，出產(chǎn)所需的操作人員少，減少人力本錢;不需求化學(xué)催化劑，生物催化劑不會(huì)失活，它自動(dòng)再生，無須替換，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中所需化學(xué)藥品少，節(jié)省出產(chǎn)本錢;該技能的操作本錢、保護(hù)費(fèi)用均很低。高效：運(yùn)用該技能確保脫硫后的天然氣中H2S含量小于4ppmv；而且操作彈性大，習(xí)慣H2S濃度規(guī)模50ppmv～100vol.%，壓力規(guī)模1～100barg，具有很高的靈活性，能習(xí)慣H2S頂峰負(fù)荷。該技能的技能流程簡略，操控系統(tǒng)和監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)很少，沒有雜亂的操控回路，操作保護(hù)簡略便利。適用于對(duì)含H2S濃度高的小型氣田，更經(jīng)濟(jì)，效益非常好;而且運(yùn)用該技能的設(shè)備功能穩(wěn)定，技能牢靠，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益好。

　　The principle of biological desulfurization skills: The basic principle of the reaction of desulfurization skills is to touch biogas containing H2S and soda water solution containing chemoautotrophic microorganisms. After H2S is absorbed by alkaline solvents, it is catalyzed by microorganisms to generate elemental sulfur or sulfate. Nowadays, the skill is one of the most experienced desulfurization skills globally, with the following advantages: safety: all biological desulfurization systems are shut down and the H2S in biogas is completely absorbed, with no free H2S in the absorber, no poisoning or injury, and no environmental pollution. Savings: This skill requires less investment and has fewer primary equipment and instruments. Low operating costs, fewer operators required for production, and reduced labor costs; No need for chemical catalysts, biocatalysts will not be deactivated, they regenerate automatically without replacement, require fewer chemicals during operation, and save production costs; The operating cost and protection cost of this skill are both very low. Efficient: Use this skill to ensure that the H2S content in the desulfurized natural gas is less than 4ppmv; Moreover, it has great operational flexibility and is accustomed to H2S concentration ranging from 50ppmv to 100vol.% and pressure ranging from 1 to 100barg. It has high flexibility and can adapt to the peak load of H2S. The skill process of this skill is simple, with few control and monitoring systems, no cluttered control circuits, and simple and convenient operation protection. Suitable for small gas fields with high H2S concentration, more economical and highly profitable; Moreover, the equipment utilizing this skill has stable functionality, reliable skills, and good economic benefits.

　　沼氣的性：一般可燃?xì)怏w都易與空氣形成混合物，遇到明火就會(huì)，造成設(shè)備和人身事故。在使用沼氣時(shí)，輸送、貯存等沼氣設(shè)施要求有較好的密封性及防爆措施。沼氣的毒性：密閉空間中所含甲烷濃度高，使氧氣含量下降，就會(huì)使人發(fā)生窒息，嚴(yán)重者會(huì)導(dǎo)致死亡。若空氣中的甲烷含量達(dá)到規(guī)定的25--30%時(shí)就會(huì)使人發(fā)生、頭暈、惡心、注意力不集中、動(dòng)作不協(xié)調(diào)、乏力、四肢發(fā)軟等癥狀。若空氣中甲烷含量超過規(guī)定的一半以上時(shí)就會(huì)因嚴(yán)重缺氧而出現(xiàn)呼吸困難、心動(dòng)過速、昏迷以致窒息而死亡。注意事項(xiàng)：沼氣脫硫設(shè)備應(yīng)由專人看管，沼氣管道上的所有閥門必須由專人進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。沼氣脫硫設(shè)備附近應(yīng)做到良好通風(fēng)，以防設(shè)備附近沼氣聚積。沼氣脫硫設(shè)備附近嚴(yán)禁動(dòng)用明火。沼氣脫硫設(shè)備長期停用應(yīng)將沼氣管上的所有手動(dòng)閥門關(guān)閉。定期檢查沼氣管道上所有閥門的密閉性，防止發(fā)生沼氣泄漏事故。一體式脫硫效率高，可達(dá)95%～99%，運(yùn)行成本低，自動(dòng)化程度高，操作簡便，造價(jià)較低。

　　The properties of biogas: Generally, combustible gases are prone to form mixtures with air, which can cause equipment and personal accidents when exposed to open flames. When using biogas, facilities such as transportation and storage require good sealing and explosion-proof measures. Toxicity of biogas: High methane concentration in enclosed spaces can cause a decrease in oxygen content, leading to suffocation and even death in severe cases. If the methane content in the air reaches the prescribed 25-30%, it will cause symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, lack of concentration, uncoordinated movements, fatigue, and limb weakness. If the methane content in the air exceeds half of the prescribed level, severe hypoxia can cause breathing difficulties, tachycardia, coma, suffocation, and death. Attention: The biogas desulfurization equipment should be supervised by a dedicated person, and all valves on the biogas pipeline must be adjusted by a dedicated person. Good ventilation should be maintained near the biogas desulfurization equipment to prevent the accumulation of biogas near the equipment. Open flames are strictly prohibited near biogas desulfurization equipment. If the biogas desulfurization equipment is not in use for a long time, all manual valves on the biogas pipes should be closed. Regularly check the sealing of all valves on the biogas pipeline to prevent biogas leakage accidents. The integrated desulfurization efficiency is high, reaching 95% to 99%, with low operating costs, high degree of automation, easy operation, and low cost.

　　運(yùn)行過厭氧反應(yīng)器的工程師都知道，厭氧反應(yīng)會(huì)產(chǎn)生沼氣，而沼氣中往往含有一定量的硫化氫（H2S）。不同的工業(yè)廢水，沼氣中硫化氫的含量各有不同。如果硫化氫含量過高，就必須在進(jìn)鍋爐燃燒之前脫除沼氣中的硫化氫，以避免腐蝕管道和鍋爐。我們就介紹一下當(dāng)前比較先進(jìn)的沼氣生物脫硫技術(shù)。1.沼氣的來源沼氣通常來源于污水厭氧處理、糞便、秸稈發(fā)酵、石油天然氣等，凈化后的沼氣可作為清潔能源，替代天然氣、煤炭，用于發(fā)電、取暖、生產(chǎn)蒸汽等；分離出的硫化氫氣體被轉(zhuǎn)換成固態(tài)的生物硫磺，可作為化肥、化工等行業(yè)的原料。沼氣經(jīng)過吸收凈化可資源利用，即實(shí)現(xiàn)了節(jié)能減排，也節(jié)約了企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)成本。干法脫硫一般適合用于沼氣量小，硫化氫濃度低的沼氣脫硫。什么是沼氣酸法脫硫特點(diǎn)

　　Engineers who have run anaerobic reactors know that anaerobic reactions produce biogas, which often contains a certain amount of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The content of hydrogen sulfide in different industrial wastewater and biogas varies. If the hydrogen sulfide content is too high, it must be removed from the biogas before entering the boiler for combustion to avoid corrosion of pipelines and boilers. Let's introduce the currently advanced biogas biological desulfurization technology. 1. The source of biogas usually comes from anaerobic treatment of sewage, manure, straw fermentation, petroleum and natural gas, etc. Purified biogas can be used as a clean energy source, replacing natural gas and coal, for power generation, heating, steam production, etc; The separated hydrogen sulfide gas is converted into solid biological sulfur, which can be used as a raw material for industries such as fertilizers and chemicals. Biogas can be absorbed and purified for resource utilization, which not only achieves energy conservation and emission reduction, but also saves production costs for enterprises. Dry desulfurization is generally suitable for desulfurization of biogas with low methane volume and low hydrogen sulfide concentration. What are the characteristics of biogas acid desulfurization

　　由于硫化氫有毒、腐蝕性強(qiáng)，限制了沼氣的綜合利用。乙醇行業(yè)沼氣生物脫硫設(shè)備

　　Due to the toxicity and strong corrosiveness of hydrogen sulfide, the comprehensive utilization of biogas is limited. Ethanol industry biogas biological desulfurization equipment

　　生物脫硫的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)，全自動(dòng)無人值守，高度穩(wěn)定可靠。深度的硫化氫去除（出口硫化氫含量低于25ppm）可耐受氣體流量和硫負(fù)荷較寬范圍的波動(dòng)，沼氣不會(huì)被空氣稀釋：沼氣和空氣之間有嚴(yán)格的物理分離，只需少量的堿、水和營養(yǎng)物，沒有堵塞和污垢的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因此維護(hù)工作量少，常溫常壓運(yùn)行，產(chǎn)生單質(zhì)硫：可作為肥料和殺蟲劑，沼氣生物脫硫技術(shù)應(yīng)用的領(lǐng)域非常較多。污水厭氧處理、糞便、秸稈發(fā)酵、石油天然氣產(chǎn)生的沼氣硫化氫含量過高，都可以應(yīng)用。

　　The technological advantages of biological desulfurization include fully automatic unmanned operation, high stability and reliability. Deep hydrogen sulfide removal (with an outlet hydrogen sulfide content below 25ppm) can tolerate a wide range of fluctuations in gas flow rate and sulfur load, and biogas will not be diluted by air. There is strict physical separation between biogas and air, requiring only a small amount of alkali, water, and nutrients, without the risk of blockage and fouling. Therefore, the maintenance workload is low, and it operates at room temperature and pressure, producing elemental sulfur. It can be used as fertilizer and insecticide, and biogas biological desulfurization technology has a wide range of applications. Anaerobic treatment of sewage, fermentation of feces and straw, and high hydrogen sulfide content in biogas produced from petroleum and natural gas can all be applied.

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