隨著生物質(zhì)能源的逐漸普及，越來越多的生物質(zhì)鍋爐在發(fā)電、供暖等領(lǐng)域得到應(yīng)用。但是，由于生物質(zhì)燃燒時會產(chǎn)生大量的氮氧化物和二氧化硫等有害氣體，對環(huán)境造成污染。為此，生物質(zhì)鍋爐脫硫脫硝工藝成為一種必要的環(huán)保措施。本文將針對生物質(zhì)鍋爐脫硫脫硝工藝流程進行介紹。

With the gradual popularization of biomass energy, more and more biomass boilers are being applied in fields such as power generation and heating. However, due to the production of large amounts of harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide during biomass combustion, it causes pollution to the environment. Therefore, the desulfurization and denitrification process of biomass boilers has become a necessary environmental protection measure. This article will introduce the desulfurization and denitrification process of biomass boilers.

脫硫工藝流程

Desulfurization process flow

脫硫工藝是將生物質(zhì)鍋爐廢氣中的二氧化硫與氫氧化鈉或氫氧化鈣等堿性溶液反應(yīng)，生成硫酸鹽或硫酸二鹽等可溶性化合物，并將這些化合物帶入廢液中排出，從而降低氣態(tài)污染物的排放。生物質(zhì)鍋爐脫硫工藝流程主要包括濕法脫硫和半干法脫硫兩種方式。

The desulfurization process involves reacting sulfur dioxide from biomass boiler exhaust gas with alkaline solutions such as sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide to produce soluble compounds such as sulfates or sulfates, which are then carried into the waste liquid for discharge, thereby reducing the emission of gaseous pollutants. The desulfurization process of biomass boilers mainly includes two methods: wet desulfurization and semi dry desulfurization.

濕法脫硫是將氧化鈣或氧化鈉水漿與廢氣接觸，使二氧化硫與氫氧化鈣或氫氧化鈉化合生成硫酸鈣或硫酸鈉并沉淀在吸收液當中。硫酸鈣或硫酸鈉與吸收液中的氫離子結(jié)合生成硫酸鹽，這些硫酸鹽隨后被抽出液排出，達到脫硫的目的。

Wet desulfurization is the process of contacting calcium oxide or sodium oxide slurry with exhaust gas, allowing sulfur dioxide to combine with calcium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide to form calcium sulfate or sodium sulfate, which is then precipitated in the absorption solution. Calcium sulfate or sodium sulfate combines with hydrogen ions in the absorption solution to form sulfates, which are then extracted and discharged to achieve desulfurization.

半干法脫硫主要是通過噴射水或吸收液來將氣態(tài)污染物轉(zhuǎn)化為顆粒物，從而降低氣態(tài)污染物的排放。該方法結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、運作穩(wěn)定，但煙氣處理后的廢物處理難度高，成本也更高。

Semi dry desulfurization mainly converts gaseous pollutants into particulate matter by spraying water or absorbing liquid, thereby reducing the emission of gaseous pollutants. This method has a simple structure and stable operation, but the difficulty and cost of waste treatment after flue gas treatment are higher.

脫硝工藝流程

Denitrification process flow

脫硝是利用還原劑或催化劑，將廢氣中的氮氧化物還原成氮氣和水等無害物質(zhì)，從而達到減少氮氧化物排放的目的。生物質(zhì)鍋爐脫硝工藝主要采用選擇性催化還原法（SCR）和非選擇性催化還原法（SNCR）兩種方式。

Denitrification is the use of reducing agents or catalysts to reduce nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas into harmless substances such as nitrogen and water, thereby achieving the goal of reducing nitrogen oxide emissions. The denitrification process of biomass boilers mainly adopts two methods: selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and non selective catalytic reduction (SNCR).

選擇性催化還原法主要是將氨水噴入煙道脫硝裝置的反應(yīng)器中，通過催化劑將氨和煙氣中的氮氧化物反應(yīng)生成氮、氧、水和二氧化碳等氣體。SCR方法脫硝效率高，能有效降低氮氧化物排放，但需要額外加裝氨水儲存及供給設(shè)備，成本較高。

The selective catalytic reduction method mainly involves injecting ammonia water into the reactor of the flue gas denitrification device, and using a catalyst to react ammonia with nitrogen oxides in the flue gas to produce gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide. The SCR method has high denitrification efficiency and can effectively reduce nitrogen oxide emissions, but it requires additional installation of ammonia water storage and supply equipment, which is costly.

非選擇性催化還原法是將尿素水溶液或脫氮劑噴入煙道高溫區(qū)域，通過高溫顆粒的反應(yīng)將應(yīng)變結(jié)構(gòu)中含氮的物質(zhì)，如氨、脲等分子反應(yīng)成氨氣，再與煙氣中的氮氧化物反應(yīng)生成無害物質(zhì)。SNCR方法脫硝效率低，但成本較低，適用于小型生物質(zhì)鍋爐。

The non selective catalytic reduction method is to spray urea solution or denitrification agent into the high-temperature area of the flue, and through the reaction of high-temperature particles, nitrogen-containing substances in the strain structure, such as ammonia, urea and other molecules, are reacted into ammonia gas, which then reacts with nitrogen oxides in the flue gas to generate harmless substances. The SNCR method has low denitrification efficiency but low cost, making it suitable for small biomass boilers.

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